01 / DESIGN
What was studied?
Agitation-stress experiments compared surfactant effects on liraglutide, with exploratory work on semaglutide and glucagon.
02 / FINDINGS
What did the researchers report?
Surfactants sometimes increased aggregation instead of preventing it. Responses differed with peptide oligomer behavior and surfactant interaction strength.
03 / LIMITS
How should it be interpreted?
An excipient useful for one biologic may destabilize another. The study does not establish a universally suitable additive or replace product-specific stability testing.
Voltera Peptide editorial reading note. Based on the linked source record. Methods and corrections.